The term applied to a number of decorative techniques, all of which involve painting, on the back side of the glass, a design that is viewed from the front (that is, through the glass). Because of this, the painter must apply the pigments in the reverse of the normal order, beginning with the

A flat, circular prunt with an impressed design resembling a raspberry. raspberry prunts raspberry prunted rasberry prunt rasberry prunts razzberry prunt razzberry prunts raspberry-prunt raspberry-prunted Roemer

A type of glass, made by Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933), that changed color when it was reheated. reactive glasses reactive-glass reactive-glasses

An atmosphere in a kiln or furnace that is deficient in oxygen. Sometimes, a reducing atmosphere is created deliberately to reduce oxides to their metallic state, as in the case of luster pigments. Reducing atmospheres Reducing-atmosphere

A substance, usually clay with a high silica content, capable of resisting high temperatures. Furnaces and pots are made from refractory materials. Refractories

(German, “imperial eagle beaker”) A Humpen decorated with Reichsadler, a heraldic two-headed eagle whose wings bear the insignia of the Holy Roman Empire. Reichsadler Humpens Riechsadler Humpen Riechsadler Humpens Reichsadler Humpen

A solid, hollow glass object, about two inches long, with a bulbous end and a narrow, curving “tail.” It is made by dropping a blob of hot glass into cold water and leaving it there until it has cooled. The rounded end resists a blow, but because of internal stress due to the absence of annealing,

A circular or oval wheel-cut depression. Prismatic cutting (2) A decorative pattern of long, mitered grooves, cut horizontally in straight lines so that the top edges of each groove touch the edges of the adjoining grooves. Prismatic cutting is usually found on the necks of pitchers and decanters.

A blob of glass applied to a glass object primarily as decoration, but also to afford a firm grip in the absence of a handle. prunts prunted Beaker with Prunts

(Italian, from the dialect word pulega, “bubble”) Glass containing numerous bubbles of all sizes, produced by adding bicarbonate of soda, gasoline, or other substances to the melt. The bubbles make the glass semiopaque and give the surface an irregular texture. Pulegoso was developed by Napoleone

A bowl for mixing and serving punch. Traditionally, punch was composed of wines or liquors, mixed with hot water or milk, and flavored with sugar, lemons, or spices. Fruit punches, with or without alcohol, are also common. punch bowls punchbowl punchbowls Punch Bowl with Ladle and 10 Cups

A type of borosilicate glass perfected in 1915 by W. C. Taylor and Eugene Sullivan of Corning Glass Works in Corning, New York. Pyrex rods can be used in flameworking. pirex pyrexes pirexes Engraved Pyrex Casserole with Lid and Holder

(from Greek and Latin), pl. pyxides. A covered box for the toilet table, used to contain cosmetics, medicines, and jewelry. pyxides pyxide pyxises Pyxis with Lid

A small square- or diamond-shaped pane. quarries quary quaries

(from Latin, “five-twelfths”) An arrangement of five objects in a square or rectangle, with one at each corner and one in the middle, like the five spots on dice. Prunts and other motifs are sometimes arranged in a quincunx pattern. Quincunxes Quincunks Quincunxi

An allover pattern of raised four-sided diamonds of pyramidal form, each with a sharp apex, cut with a mitered wheel. It was produced by English and Irish glass cutters between about 1780 and 1825. raised-diamond cutting raised-diamond-cut raised-diamond cut raised diamond cut Luster Vase in "

A fire-clay container in which batch is fused and kept molten. The glassworker gathers glass directly from the pot. pots

Potassium carbonate. It is an alternative to soda as a source of alkali in the manufacture of glass.

A form of glass containing three major compounds in varying proportions: silica (usually about 60-75 percent), potash (12-18 percent), and lime (5-12 percent). Forest glass is a common type of potassium-lime glass. Potash glass is slightly denser than soda-lime glass; it passes from the molten to

A jar for preserving food. The term refers to jars with a variety of methods for sealing the contents. John Landis Mason perfected the first inexpensive method of sealing glass jars in 1858. preserving jars Preserving Jar

Glassware formed by placing a blob of molten glass in a metal mold and pressing it with a metal plunger or “follower” to form the inside shape. The resultant piece, termed “mold-pressed,” has an interior form independent of the exterior, in contrast to mold-blown glass, whose interior corresponds

A shallow dish, usually with one or two horizontal handles, for porridge or similar food. Porridge is either a soft food made by boiling meal of cereals or legumes in milk or water until it becomes thick, or a soup of meat and vegetables, often thickened with cereal. Porringers Porringer and Plate

(Spanish) A type of drinking vessel with a narrow neck, a long and tapering spout, and no handle, used in Spain for drinking wine by pouring it into the mouth. Porróns Porron poron porrons porons Drinking Vessel (Porron)

A spouted vessel used for consuming posset, a beverage of hot milk curdled by wine or ale, usually spiced or sweetened, and thickened with oatmeal or bread. The drinker sucked the liquid through the spout and ate the residue with a spoon. posset pots Posset Pot

The glass used to attach a second pontil to glass that is about to be pulled into a cane. posts

Instead of being applied to a vessel with a wad, the pontil is attached to a flat plate of glass called a “post,” which is then affixed to the base or footring of the vessel. post-technique

A glassworker’s tool used for decorating objects by pinching the glass while it is hot. pincer

An ornamental plate or tablet intended to be hung up as a wall decoration or inserted in a piece of furniture. plaques Archangel Uriel

Susceptible to being modeled or shaped. When it is in a molten state, glass can be described as plastic.

Flat glass of high quality, formed by rolling molten glass on a metal plate and later grinding and polishing it until the surfaces are parallel and completely smooth. plate glasses